Pain Management in People with Dementia - 770 Words

Dealing with aging dementia patients can be a challenge in and of itself. However, when healthcare providers need to include regulating pain as well, the challenge becomes even greater. Pain management with cognitively impaired patients is a constant problem within geriatric care in modern healthcare facilities (Zwakhalen et al 2006). The reduced self capacity to report pain in its true degrees then makes pain management a challenge for physicians and healthcare providers (Husebo et al. 2007). Thus, research aims to explore effective measures for observing and reporting pain management within aging dementia patients. Horgas et al. (2009) is an in-depth examination of the various factors that can be used to report pain within these specific groups of patients. The journal is from the American Geriatrics Society, and thus is clearly peer-reviewed. It is a thorough examination into how dementia patients report their own pain, as well as how their pain can be observed within actual practice. The data was then coded according to the American Hospital Formulary Service System (Horgas et al 2009). This clearly shows that the research supports evidence-based practices for it uses real observations from patients actually being in the field today in combination with commonly held patterns from prior research. The study design is a mixed methods approach to understanding the depth and reliability of pain reporting within dementia patients. Previous research, like that conducted byShow MoreRelatedPain Management As An Essential Part Of Nursing1583 Words   |  7 PagesPain management is an essential part of nursing, but it can be challenging when the patients can no longer express their needs. I became aware of this challenge throughout my experience in both clinical and work. During my first clinical rotation, I was assigned to a patient who had severe dementia and could no longer communicate. While providing care to this patient, it was evident that the patient was irritated because she would grimace and sometimes cry out, but it was difficult to determineRead MoreCritical Appraisal Tool: Dementia and Pain862 Words   |  3 PagesTool Title of the study: Pain in Dementia A Topical Review Authors: Scherder, E., et.al. Date published: 2009 Publication journal: International Association for the Study of Pain Study design: Clinical and Experimental Pain Study Review Aim/ purpose of study: Conglomeration of current data on pain and pain management for patients with dementia. Methods: Double blind, peer reviewed studies using pain medications Target population: Aging population with dementia or dementia symptoms Study sample:Read MoreDevelopment Of A Service Innovation1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthe report will focus on the pain management tool for assessing chronic conditions in service users with dementia in hospital settings. As pain is a very subjective experience it is important that the tool is specifically based on the individual’s own way of expressing and communicating their pain in relation to their chronic conditions. The first section of this report will review and evaluate a body of evidence to support the development of the pain management tool by looking at the subjectRead MoreSymptoms Of Patients With Dementia962 Words   |  4 Pages Pain is universal in everyone around the world and can come at any time and to anyone. There are ways to treat pain in the medical world but not everyone is treated the same when it comes to their pain and it might just be that they cannot express the pain that they feel to the people around them. This article goes into depth of how patients with dementia or Alzheimer’s don’t necessarily get the pain management to meet their needs and ways for medical professionals and the family members can understandRead MoreWhat I Learned And Acquired From The University856 Words   |  4 Pagesdecision to administer pain relief medication on a patient with dementia, who is experiencing pain and cannot report pain to nurses due to their declining brain functio n and abilities (Abbey, 2011). Mrs. Wu was one of my 4 patients, which I needed to assist at the time. Mrs. Wu was 77 years old women with history of severe dementia and depression. She was admitted to the rehabilitation ward due to risk at home when she was alone. During the shift, she had not been complaining of pain. But when I observedRead MoreThe Stages Of Clinical Reasoning1149 Words   |  5 Pagesstages of dementia. Dementia is an incurable disease that is both chronic and progressive in which one suffers severe cognitive impairments greatly involving their memory (Cooper Greene 2005, p. 15). Dementia can also greatly affect individual’s activities of daily living such as fixing meals, maintaining personal hygiene and light housework (Ha Kim 2014, p.448). It has been acknowledged that Mrs Checkett’s clothing appears dirty and smelly and this could be a result of her dementia. The potentialRead MoreConclusion Reflection . Working In The Dementia Security1295 Words   |  6 PagesConclusion reflection Working in the dementia security unit of the Aldersgate enables me to appreciate special considerations in mental health nursing practice. Mental health nursing are frequently associated with the ethics issues when clients are incompetent in decision-making in their care plans. The therapeutic relationship with the patients is, therefore the heart of nursing practice, which could assist nurses to address individuality and provide support (Dziopa Ahern 2009).When conductingRead MorePatient Centered Pain Control Of Elderly People With Dementia2244 Words   |  9 PagesPatient Centered Pain Control in Elderly People with Dementia There is a growing geriatric population of people with dementia throughout the world that are living in pain constantly. Because dementia as a condition with multifaceted symptomology manifested by advancing overall decline of cognitive ability, it causes severe and distinctive barriers to pain assessment and pain management in this population. The existencee of multiple comorbidities, polypharmacy and the declinining cognition in thisRead MorePain Assessment809 Words   |  4 PagesNo evidence exists to suggest that older individuals perceive pain to a lesser degree or that sensitivity is diminished. Although pain is a common experience among individuals 65 years of age and older, it is not a normal process of aging. Pain indicates pathology or injury. Pain should never be considered something to tolerate or accept in ones later years. Unfortunately, many clinicians and older adults wrongfully assume that pain should be expected in aging, which leads to less aggressive treatmentRead MorePathophysiology Of Dementia And Alzheimers Disease1570 Words   |  7 PagesPathophysiology: Dementia Dementia, also known as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a progressive, chronic, and degenerative. 60% of dementia occurs in people over the age of 65. Dementia causes loss of judgment, memory, change in personality, and visuospatial perception. Severe cognitive impairment can occur over time, as well as physical deterioration and death. The brain changes in size and weight as a person ages. There is also a narrowing of the gyri, enlargement of the ventricles, and widening

Parkinson s Is A Progressive Condition - 1680 Words

Introduction What is Parkinson’s disease? Parkinson’s is a progressive condition by a loss of never cells in the brain known as neurodegeneration. The cause of neuronal loss in Parkinson’s is still unknown. However, the symptoms can still be explained by the loss of cells that contain neurotransmitter called dopamine. Dopamine is a type of chemical that nerve cells release to communicate with other nerve cells. It is just not responsible for doing that, dopamine has many other functions it must do including important roles in behavior, voluntary movement, motivation, sleep, mood, attention, working memory, and learning. So, in Parkinson’s the neurons that produce dopamine slowly start dying. When dopamine levels get, lower this will cause an imbalance with the other neurotransmitters and will result with confusing both motor and non-motor symptoms which will get worse overtime. (Sethi 2002) Parkinson’s is a really known disease as Alzheimer’ s it is said that there is an estimated number of up to 1.5 million Americans suffering from the disorder at any given time. (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015) PD affects 50 percent of more men than women but scientist till this day don’t understand why it hits men more. One huge risk about PD is aging. It is sad that the average age of someone to get PD is 60 years and as they get older the disease starts to significantly rises. It is rare for people younger that can get it. Studies show that about 5 to 10 percent of people can get PD beforeShow MoreRelatedParkinson s Disease Is A Chronic Progressive Movement Disorder Of The Central Nervous System895 Words   |  4 PagesParkinson s disease is a chronic progressive movement disorder of the central nervous system. Early in the course of the disease, the most obvious symptoms are movement-related; these include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking and Parkinson’s like gait (leaning forward, small fast pace steps, shuffling, etc.). Parkinson’s involves the malfunction and death of nerve cells in the brain, entitled neurons. Although damage can be spread about, it primarily affects neuronsRead MoreIs Parkinson Disease A Disease?1290 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson Disease Danielle West University Of Arkansas Fort Smith Medical Terminology Fall of 2015 Introduction Parkinson is a disease that is a glitch in the neurons in the brain, which frequently affects the substantia nigra. Part of the dying neurons produces a chemical called dopamine. As this progresses, the dopamine in the brain decreases. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain which helps the body regulate coordination and movement in the body. Once Parkinson DiseaseRead MoreParkinson s Disease Is A Progressive Loss Of Functioning Of The Brain1361 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive loss of functioning of the brain that results in stiffness, trembling and loss of fine motor control. This disease mainly affects the neurons in the particular area called the substantia nigra with a total loss of dopamine, the absence of these dopamine-producing cells causes the loss of the brain’s ability to control the body movements progressively (Parkinson’s disease, 2016). Parkinson’s disease is very common, with about 70000 Australians asRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Parkinson s Disease Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesParkinson Disease by Melissa Green Topical Bibliography In partial fulfillment of the writing requirement for Anatomy and Physiology 304 and the Department of Speech-Language Pathology SUNY Buffalo State Fall 2016 Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms or tremors, rigidity, (bradykinesia) or slowness of movement and posture instability. Parkinson’s involves the malfunction and death of vital nerve cells in theRead MoreNational Parkinson s Foundation : A Progressive Disorder Of The Central Nervous System1249 Words   |  5 PagesNational Parkinson s Foundation Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the central Nervous system and affects both motor and nonmotor functions. parkinson s is caused by a chemical imbalance within the brain. The brain produces a neurotransmitter called dopamine in the basal ganglia, which is structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain. If the Dopamine, Basal ganglia and Thalamus does not function properly then causes major damage,. A person having less and less dopamineRead MoreThe Purpose Of My Research Conducted For This Paper Was1677 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of my research conducted for this paper was to examine the relationship between Parkinson s disorder and its connection to the anatomy of the human body. Parkinson s is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement due to the loss of Dopamine. Dopamine which is a neurotransmitter located in the brain allows signals to be transported from one nerve cell to another. Its purpose is to regulate both movement and cognition. The loss of these chemical messengers can causeRead MoreOn Nervous Disorders : Parkinson s Disease1193 Words   |  5 PagesOn Nervous Disorders: Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system characterized by tremor, slowed movement, and muscle rigidity; typically only seen in those over the age of forty. It is named after James Parkinson, an English surgeon, whom first described the symptoms of â€Å"the shaking palsy,† in a report published in 1817 (Grimes, 2004). The brain is the control center of the body. The brain orchestrates movement, sensations, feelings, personality, andRead MoreParkinson s No Longer Happens But Is Inherited1181 Words   |  5 Pagesto skip generations and siblings. Most people with Parkinson’s have idiopathic Parkinson s disease, which is having no specific cause. However, a small proportion of cases are due to known genetic factors. Until recently, the relations and diagnosis of the disease and family was unknown, with studies and advancements there has been a discovered inheritance between Parkinson disease and related disorders. Parkinson s disease, like Alzheimer’s is more common in later ages but is affecting youthRead MoreNot Only Is It Detrimental To The Social Development Of1604 Words   |  7 Pagesdetrimental to the overall physical and cognitive health due to the fact that we lose valuable opportunities at early intervention. All three of the most commonly diagnosed degenerative conditions within the geriatric population can have improved prognosis with early intervention. The earlier that these conditions can be identified and diagnosed, the more successful that these individuals will be overall when it comes to their prognosis. For the case of those suffering with cognitive decline, it hasRead MoreParkinson Disease : A Brain Disorder1109 Words   |  5 Pages Parkinson Disease By Teri Gordon BIO 202 Harrisonburg Campus â€Æ' Teri Gordon BIO 202 Kevin Chakos Harrisonburg Campus Research Paper Parkinson Disease Parkinson Disease is a brain disorder that affects movement, loss of muscle control and balance. The first symptoms usually include a tremor of the hand, foot, or leg which is often termed as a â€Å"shaky palsy.† The disease usually slowly progresses with symptoms getting more intense over many years. Some patients who develop Parkinson’s in

Occupational Health And Safety Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Occupational Health And Safety Management? Answer: Introducation The organizational culture of Cott Corporation reflects the equality in the standard of men and women and both the gender is being respected. However, the organizational culture faces problems in terms of diversification and employee engagement. The people from different countries are not encouraged to participate in the decision making process. Therefore, with time the due to the lack of unification, the employees as well do not exercise the authorities given to them, which appear inadequate (Alvesson, 2012). While working as a worker at Cott Corporation, I had experienced a situation where my engagement was not high as it should have been. There was the requirement for undertaking a promotional campaign to launch a new brand of cola in the market. Considering the target audience of the soft drink, the appropriate decision should have been to undertake BTL promotional activities. But, as because my appraisal that happened the previous month did not fulfill my expectations, I did not give this suggestion to the senior management and as a result, despite of the promotional activities, the outcome was not very fruitful. Since, the two-way communication between me and the senior management did not yield the expected result, the chances of successfully launching the cola became very low. This all happened due to my low motivation towards contributing to the success of the launch. If I would have been more engaged with the product launch, the outcome could have been better. The Cott Corporation supplies the soft drinks, which are carbonated to Canada, USA, Europe and United Kingdom. The corporation also bears portfolios of its brand of Red Rooster, Blue Charge, MacB and so forth. Mission of Cott Corporation is to insist the people from diverse backgrounds to participate in the decision making. The vision of the organization is to encourage each other by providing the best cultural place to work for the employees. As the work market is getting heated up, the employees have now become the customers. The organization needs to consider them not only as workers but also as volunteers. This innovative world transforms the ways of their engagement with people. They work on the demand of the team who are cross functional in order to bring new people at a fast rate. The engagement of the cross cultural teams are important in terms of decision making policy as they need to focus on the purpose, mission and integration of work life (Alvesson Sveningsson, 2015). The organizational culture is important to the employees due to the following reasons, The organizational culture will be deciding the manner in which the employees will be making interaction at the place of work The organizational culture at the place of work, also supports in promoting healthy competition at the place of work The organizational culture does the representation of the certain predefined policies that will be guiding the staffs and provide them with a sense of direction at the place of work The organizational culture does the promotion of healthy association within the staffs The organizational culture does the extraction of the optimum output of each employee at the place of work (Robson, 2012) Two different recommendations are firstly, the company must not make difference while engaging employees for decision making in terms of the work in the organizational business. This is because it is regarded as the most important issue in the firm in terms of the organizational culture (Alvesson Sveningsson, 2015). Secondly, the managers must look into the matter deeply if anyone is being exploited in terms of their racial background. This would determine the cultural workforce of the organization (Reese, 2015). These recommendations are needed because with the rise of workforces and with the advent of globalization, the employees need to collaborate with one another in terms of making a cordial organizational atmosphere, where the decision making in the company would be faster enough making the company to become more competitive in the field of their work. The managers in this term need to recognize the capabilities of the employees and together with cooperation and understanding would determine the organizational culture (Robson et al., 2012). With the reference of Occupational Health and Safety Act, the act is referred to the protection of the workplaces and the safety of the workers. It is therefore, the responsibility of the managers by abiding themselves with the laws must look after the problems of the employees and give them everyone fair chances to participate in the decision- making policy of the organization (Reese, 2015). It is the responsibility of the manager to measure the performances of the employee through different surveys. A questionnaire must be given to the employees on the monthly basis about their perspective in the working culture of the organization (Reese, 2015). References Alvesson, M. (2012).Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Reese, C. D. (2015).Occupational health and safety management: a practical approach. CRC press. Robson, L. S., Stephenson, C. M., Schulte, P. A., Amick III, B. C., Irvin, E. L., Eggerth, D. E., ... Peters, R. H. (2012). A systematic review of the effectiveness of occupational health and safety training.Scandinavian journal of work, environment health, 193-208. Occupational Health and Safety Management – MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Occupational Health and Safety Management. Answer: Insight into the basic hazards Risks and hazards are an integral part of the business environment of the companies and organizations like Workplace Health Association of Australia (WHAA). The association takes pride in ensuring the wellbeing of the employees through the provision of a healthy lifestyle. The major drive behind this is the presence of modern facilities, which has exposed the public domain of Australia to an advanced level of joy and happiness (Workplacehealth.org.au, 2017). Herein, one of the major requirements is the exposure of cautious approach towards the execution of business activities. Absence of this cautiousness compels WHAA to encounter risks, which adds vulnerability to the market position. As a matter of specification, absence of personal protective equipment (PPE) contradicts the true essence of the aspect of risk for WHAA. The most dangerous hazard is not wearing safety helmets while doing construction activities. Not wearing the helmets results in the tragic death of the employees, du e to fatal head injuries. This is a loss for the association in terms of achieving productive results (Brauer, 2016). Delving deep into the aspect, the placement of the aspects seem justified in a reverse order. Effective utilization of the organizational equipments helps the managers to protect the employees from the hazards. Detailed insight into this aspect is presented in the following sections through the means of risk assessment matrix, tackling the emergency situations and adopting control measures for the emergencies. Risk assessment matrix In order to mitigate the intensity of the risks, effective and efficient means are required. Typical example in this direction is the matrix, templates among others. The segmented division of the matrix enhances the clarity of the personnel regarding mitigation of the potential risks (Reese, 2015). The main aim of this matrix is to specify the level of the risk and assess its impact on the productivity of the association. Table: Risk assessment matrix The two major components of this matrix are probability and the impact. Within this, there are five variations-rare, unlikely, moderate, likely and very likely. Based on the intensity of the risk, its impact is calculated. Finally, the probability and the impact together results in the outcome, which necessitates the need for taking immediate measures for mitigating the intensity of the risk factors (Bahr, 2014). Explaining with an example, considering the risk of not wearing helmets, the probability of sundry cases is likely to occur at any point of time. Impact of these cases is extreme as it proves fatal for the employees of WHAA. The cases are same for the risk factors such as project delays, monetary issues, and electrical problems. Countering this, the probability and impact varies according to the intensity of the risk factors. Project delays impact the productivity of WHAA; however, it does not lead to any property loss. Therefore, the outcome of this is moderate. The risk of monetary issues is high as it leads to conflicts, discriminations and harassments between the functional units of the association (Yorio, Willmer Moore, 2015). This destroys the stability in the relationship between the managers and the employees. This instability is an obstruction for WHAA in terms of managing the potential risks. Control measures Preparing an action plan would bring to the forefront the major areas, which needs modification. Involvement of the stakeholders and shareholders in the meetings and conferences would help the personnel of the WHAA to construct this action plan (Reason, 2016). Typical components of this action plan can include the necessary actions; their priorities; distribution of responsibilities; important resources; total time needed for the completion of the tasks; evaluation of the outcomes. Important actions Priority Resources needed Time Evaluation Identification of the risks and hazards High Projectors, video recordings of the business activities 2 weeks Utilization of the available time effectively and judiciously would help the managers to identify and specify the risks and hazards Organizing meetings with the stakeholders and shareholders about making plans for risk mitigation High Auditorium, Projector, chairs 1 week Dividing the meeting sessions into groups would enhance the clarity of the personnel regarding the construction of risk management plans Conducting market research for selecting the appropriate technology Moderate Computers, laptops, uninterrupted internet connection 1.5 weeks Market research would enhance the clarity of the personnel regarding the modern technologies, which are in demand in the market Providing training to the employees about the effective and judicious utilization of the modern personal protective equipments High Projectors, pen, paper and other official documents 3 weeks Training would enhance the preconceived skills, expertise and knowledge of the employees in terms of the effective and judicious utilization of the personal protective equipments Evaluation High Projectors, computers, laptops, pen, paper and other official documents 1 week Evaluation would help the personnel to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed plans in terms of mitigating the identified and the specified risks Procedures for emergency situations Aording to Schaufeli Taris, (2014), risk management needs a planned and systematic approach for the achievement of positive outcomes. Systematic approach towards adoption of the following steps proves helpful in mitigating the intensity of the potential risks in times of emergency: Spontaneous approaches regarding meetings and discussions about making risk mitigation plans Making plans regarding provision of training to the staffs in terms of immediate evacuation if needed Organizing sessions related to the importance of personal protective equipments for making the staffs aware regarding their self- security Indulging in joint ventures with the disaster management centers, hospitals, nursing homes, care homes for providing the injured and victims with the primary medication Issuing warnings on radio, television and other social networking sites for spreading the awareness among the staffs to remain alert while working on the dangerous and hazardous sites References Bahr, N. J. (2014).System safety engineering and risk assessment: a practical approach. CRC Press. Brauer, R. L. (2016).Safety and health for engineers. John Wiley Sons. Reason, J. (2016).Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge. Reese, C. D. (2015).Occupational health and safety management: a practical approach. CRC press. Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W. (2014). A critical review of the Job Demands-Resources Model: Implications for improving work and health. InBridging occupational, organizational and public health(pp. 43-68). Springer Netherlands. Swuste, P., Albrechtsen, E., Hovden, J. (2015). Towards safety through advanced solutions.Safety science,71, 69-70. Workplacehealth.org.au (2017). Introduing WHAA Retrieved 2nd August 2017 from https://www.workplacehealth.org.au/introducing-whaa Yorio, P. L., Willmer, D. R., Moore, S. M. (2015). Health and safety management systems through a multilevel and strategic management perspective: Theoretical and empirical considerations.Safety science,72, 221-228. Zohar, D. (2014). Safety climate: Conceptualization, measurement, and improvement.The Oxford handbook of organizational climate and culture, 317-334. Occupational Health and Safety Management – MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Occupational Health and Safety Management. Answer: Introduction Risk assessment is a major concern of railway operating company in order to ensure safety. Occurrence of risk is very common in railway operation process (Reason 2016). One of the major risks is occupational safety. However, railway transport is considered as the economic, environmentally friendly and safe mood of transport. From last few years, rapid technological changes take place in Australian railway industry. However, many organizations take a lease of the railway passenger operation. Due to this emerging technology the instability occurs, which results in accidental risk in railway operation. This study deals with the railway passenger operation and risk management in the context of Great Rail Australia. Great Rail Australia is new railway operating organization. This organization is going to start their business across Australia and their headquarters is situated at Sydney. This company is involved in setting up the interstate rail passengers operation in Australia. The operation of this company includes maintenance of second-hand locomotives, passenger's carriages, facility management, maintenance of infrastructure, equipment and access the information. This company also involved in handling passengers and the scheduled of trains. As argued by Grote (2015), accidental risk, safety risk and high cost of operation are the major risks that are associated with railway operation. Great Rail Australia needs to develop a risk management plan to reduce the risk from the workplace. This will ensure the safety of the passengers as well as the stakeholders. In the recent years, fatal accidents in railway have been increasing rapidly. On the other hand, occupational safety risk is another vita l risk that organization may face during their operation. Apart from this regulatory compliance risk takes place if an organization is not able to comply with the legal requirements during their operation. Identification and discussion of the risk issues Major risks of rail operation are rail safety, regulatory compliance risk and occupational health and safety issues (OHS). These three major risks take place during the rail operation. In the context of Great Rail Australia occupational, they need to identify the possible risks that may take place during their operation. Development of a risk management plan will be helpful for Great Rail Australia to ensure safety in their operation management. Rail safety issue is a big consequence of railway operation management. In Australia major rail accidents are taken place for which it is important for the rail operating organization to ensure the safety of rail operation. According to the statistical data in the year 2004, eight people were killed due to derailment of a train in South Sydney. In the year 2006 41 people were injured when train and truck collide. Therefore, in 2007, 11 people were killed due to crash in line passenger train in Victoria (Smh.com.au 2018). From the above statistics, it can be said that rail safety is a big issue in the recent years due to the increased rate of accidents. However, due to adoption of technology often the employees are not able to manage the information as result, risk occurs. Negligence of railway staffs is one of the vital factors of rail safety issue. On another hand, poor designing is another factor that hampers the rail safety. Due to the negligence of the staffs often passengers are not aware of the risk as a result, accidents occur. Derailment or manufacturing issue is another major reason of risk in rail operation (Liu et al. 2015). Often installation defect leads the passengers as well as the railway staffs to face accident in railway operation management. In the context of Great Rail Australia, they are associated with maintenance of equipment thus; issues due to derailment can take place during their operation. Hence, it is essential for this organization to ensure the safety regarding all equipment that is used in railway operation management. Legal issues or regulatory risk may appear during the rail operation if the organization does not follow the legal requirements (Monios and Bergqvist 2015). However, Australian government has proposed Rail Safety National Law that in order to implement major changes in rail operation (Onrsr.com.au 2018). Incompliance with this law may lead Great Rail Australia to face a legal issue, which is a big risk for this organization. Therefore, if the organization does not comply with Rail Safety Act 2006 then it will be difficult for them to enhance their operation process across Australia. On the other hand, changes in the regulatory law are a big issue that may affect the current business operation of Great Rail Australia. However, in the recent years, Rail Safety National Law and Rail Safety Act are two major regulatory framework of Australia that facilitates the railway operation in this country. Any changes in these regulatory bodies may lead Great Rail Australia to face regulatory comp liance risk. As a result, their operation process will be hampered and the growth of this organization will be affected. Occupational Health and Safety Risk Illness and injury are very common in railway operation management. However, The Great Rail Australia is going to manage the railway passengers and the maintenance of equipment to complete the railway operation. Hence, the duty staffs are always at health risk. Major accidents, as well as injury, may take place while using the equipment. During the manufacturing of rail parts, the workers get an injury and sometimes death occurs (Gul et al. 2017). Great Rail Australia is associated with handling the passengers, office maintenance and infrastructure improvement of Australian railway. Hence, an accident with the workers is very common in the workplace. This highlights the safety risk of the duty staffs. OHS risk is a common thing for railway operation management. This often harms the workers during their work. Injury and sudden death of the workers are the major health risks of the workers who are involved in manufacturing the rail parts, handling equipment and involved in infrastructu re designing (Reese 2015). The Great Rail Australia can face such occupational health and safety issues in their workplace if they do not develop a proper risk management system in their business operation. Risk management System in the context of Great Rail Australia to reduce the current issues From the above discussion, it has been identified that there are three types of risks are associated with Great Rail Australia such as risk related to legal compliance, OHS risk, and rail safety risk. In order to deal with such risk, a risk management system is proposed. The features of the risk management process are as follow: Identification of the hazards is the heart of risk management system. Preliminary hazard analysis or PHA tool is an effective tool to identify the current risks of a system (Kim et al. 2015). However, for Great Rail Australia use of PHA tool will be helpful to address the current risks in their system. Preliminary hazard analysis tool is a semi-quantitative method that helps the railway operating company to assess all potential hazards in their system. Hazard identification is one of the major features of risk management system. This PHA tool is effective to get an initial overview of the present risk in the business. In the context Great Rail Australia, they can identify that health and safety risk, railway safety risk and regulatory compliance risks are present in their operation process. Such identification can be done by using PHA tool. PHA tool is beneficial for an organization to carry out rapid risk ranking and to identify the potential hazards (Glendon et al. 2016). Risk iden tification is crucial for The Great Rail Australia to implement an effective risk management system. It will be difficult for this organization to take action plan without identifying the risks in their railway operation management. On the other hand, by using HAZOP tool or Hazard and operability tool this organization will be able to identify the chemical process system. This will be effective to identify the safety hazards in a workplace. Evaluation of the risk is another vital feature of risk management system. In this stage, an organization is able to classify the existing risks. Therefore, the decision is taking based on the tolerability of the risk (McNeil et al. 2015). Risk evaluation will enable the Great Rail Australia to categorize their identified risk. From the above analysis, it has been found that three major types of risk may take place during the operation of this organization. After the classification of the risk, necessary actions will be taken to mitigate such risk. From the risk evaluation, an organization is able to understand which risk is tolerable, intolerable and negligible. In the context of Great Rail Australia, OHS risk is an intolerable and regulatory risk is tolerable. Hence, by using risk evaluation it the identified risks are classified and based on this classification action plan will be taken. Risk analysis is another process of risk management system. Through this process estimation of the frequency of accidents can be calculated (Bromiley et al. 2015). Great Rail Australia will be able to calculate the frequency of the workplace injury in their risk management system. By using cause-consequence analysis tool this organization will be able to identify the reasons for current risk in their organization. Risk analysis also helps this organization to measure the severity of the risks that may occur during their railway operation management. However, Great Rail Australia needs to build a risk analysis team to measure the impact of current risk factors. Risk control is the final step of risk management system that reduces the potential risks from a system. In order to reduce the occupational health and safety risk, Great Rail Australia need to follow Work Health and Safety Act 2011. Implementation of this Act will help an organization to maintain the safety in the workplace (Legislation.gov.au 2018). By following this Act Great Rail Australia can reduce the regulatory risks from their business operation as maintenance of this Act ensures the legal compliance with the Safety Act. On the other hand, providing a proper training program to the on-duty rail staffs Great Rail Australia will be able to increase awareness regarding the workplace health and safety. Therefore, all the equipment and infrastructure should be checked on a regular basis and proper monitoring process should be implemented to measure the effectiveness of current risk management system. Conclusion The entire study focuses on the risk management plan in the context of Great Rail Australia. From the above analysis, it has been received that regulatory compliance issue, occupational health, and safety issue and railway safety issue are the major types of risks that usually take place in rail operation management. In order to deal with these challenges, Great Rail Australia needs to develop a rigid risk management system that includes risk identification, risk evaluation, risk analysis, and control. Hence, it can be concluded that by following the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 will be beneficial for Great Rail Australia to reduce the occupational safety issue and the regulatory compliance risk from their operation. References Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A. and Rustambekov, E., 2015. Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions. Long range planning, 48(4), pp.265-276. Glendon, A.I., Clarke, S. and McKenna, E., 2016. Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Grote, G., 2015. Promoting safety by increasing uncertaintyImplications for risk management. Safety science, 71, pp.71-79. Gul, M., Ak, M.F. and Guneri, A.F., 2017. Occupational health and safety risk assessment in hospitals: A case study using two-stage fuzzy multi-criteria approach. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 23(2), pp.187-202. Kim, B., Yi, K., Yoo, H.J., Chong, H.J. and Ko, B., 2015. An IMM/EKF approach for enhanced multitarget state estimation for application to integrated risk management system. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 64(3), pp.876-889. Legislation.gov.au. 2018.Work Health and Safety Act 2011. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00305 [Accessed 3 Apr. 2018]. Liu, P., Yang, L., Gao, Z., Li, S. and Gao, Y., 2015. Fault tree analysis combined with quantitative analysis for high-speed railway accidents. Safety science, 79, pp.344-357. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015. Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Monios, J. and Bergqvist, R., 2015. Intermodal terminal concessions: lessons from the port sector. Research in Transportation Business Management, 14, pp.90-96. Onrsr.com.au. 2018.Rail Safety National Law. [online] Available at: https://www.onrsr.com.au/about-onrsr/legislation [Accessed 3 Apr. 2018]. Reason, J., 2016. Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge. Reese, C.D., 2015. Occupational health and safety management: a practical approach. CRC press. Smh.com.au. 2018.Major rail accidents in Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/major-rail-accidents-in-australia/2007/06/05/1180809514121.html [Accessed 3 Apr. 2018].

One Best Friend Essays - English-language Films, Frankenstein

One Best Friend One Best Friend There are so many types of friendship that can be developed intentionally or unintentionally by all humans. Its hard to accept that sometimes because we might need the help of someone who if it wasnt for the current need we would be happy not to even speak a word to him or her. All of us at some time or another we make conscious decisions on who our friends are. Frankenstein didnt have such luxury. He didnt have a circle of friends to choose from. He only had those who wanted to use him for their own convenience and it is in this way that he learned that friendship could be that. An exchange of favors by people he really didnt trust. All through the storylines that follow the book and the first movie, Frankenstein didnt have any real friends. Even the old blind man from Bride of Frankenstein accepted him because he himself was in desperate need of any kind of human interaction. The monsters first impression was that of an honest friendly gesture. This was the first step for him in learning that friendship could be used to acquire the things he wanted. Aristotle commented on the existence of three types of friendship: friendship based on utility, friendship based on pleasure and perfect friendship. The first one being based on a dependency of one another. We all get to experience all three types of friendship. The Monster never had the privilege of knowing the last one. The third one is based on real feelings of admiration, respect, and understanding. Nobody ever had those feelings toward the monster. Almost all the characters and ever viewers of the story have nothing but feelings of fear, misunderstanding, pity and disrespect for the monster. The closest anybody came to be a real friend to the monster was Ygor. Even Ygor didnt really see the monster as a potential friend he was only a tool that he used to get even with those who sentenced him to be hanged and those who didnt hide their disgust for Ygor. It could be argued that nobody got as close to the monster as Ygor did. Ygor didnt want the monster to be his friend he didnt hesitate to replace the Monsters brain with his own in order to have the monster strength to be used for his own plans. He realized that controlling the monster was becoming more and more difficult. Friendship is not about controlling somebody else. In the surface it could be argued that Ygor was the Monsters best friend. After all we all have someone that its considered a best friend. Everybody in the early years try to stay and befriend those who look like us or who share some kind of bond. In Bride Of Frankenstein the monster seems to be applying this concept to himself when he demands a partner. He had realized that people would never be able to see him in a friendly manner, they would never be able to understand him, because they were not like him. His solution was to search for someone who understood him and was in the same situation. Another monster. At the end of the movie he realized that not even someone who had been built just like himself would not accept him. The terrified expression of the bride told him everything he needed to know. There are so many aspects to the story of Frankenstein in relation to friendship, but the most notable is that of a lonely being who could not culture a perfect friendship which was the cause of his destruction. English Essays